Lucy and Selam up on tree species: Australopithecus Afarensis shoulder blade part Arboreal Lifestyle Show

 Lucy and Selam up on tree species: Australopithecus Afarensis shoulder blade part Arboreal Lifestyle Show

 

Australopithecus afarensis (the famous "Lucy" skeleton species) species was a direct run, but also spend a lot of time in the trees than the question has been debated, partly because a full set of shoulder afarensis . Blade has never been available for study.
Share this:
104
For the first time, Midwestern University professor David Green California Academy of Sciences, Zeresenay Alemseged, curator of anthropology at the well two fossil A. afarensis's "Selam," a rare skeleton well preserved complete shoulder blade is checked, Dikika children from Ethiopia in 2000, discovered by Dr. Alemseged. Preparation of more detailed analysis of these rare bones shows them very apelike, this species also running bipedally on the ground was adapted to climbing trees. "What Australopithecus afarensis was bipedal strictly tree is up or if they strongly debated question for more than thirty years," Dr. Green said. "This remarkable fossils is strong evidence that these people still climb was at this stage in human evolution provide."
In the October 26 issue of the journal Science the new results are published.
Dr. Alemseged, Christopher Kiarie Kenya to help lab technicians, spent 11 years carefully skeletons, encased in a block of sandstone was removed from the rest of the shoulder blade. "The shoulder blades are paper thin, they rarely fossilize - and when they do, they are almost always broken," said Dr. Alemseged.is. "It seems that many researchers since it was first suggested."
A three-year-old Selam A. afarensis girl who lived 3.3 million years ago, and it's such represents the most complete skeleton. Around the stone, green, free and Alemseged DIGITIZED the shoulder blades using a Microscribe, and then measure the detailed properties of their form and function, other relatives early human fossils rare in shoulder Comparison: Homo ergaster ("Turkana Boy"), Homo ("Hobbit") floresiensis, A. africanus, and A. Two adult afarensis specimens. He juvenile and adult chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and a comprehensive modern human samples compared with samples.
Bones form and function analysis revealed that A. afarensis shoulder blades are apelike, indicating partially arboreal lifestyle. Drs. Alemseged green and also found that living like monkeys, A. afarensis representatives of juvenile and adult anatomy of the shoulder was the same way. "Significantly different from the closely related simian human scapulae change throughout ontogeny in a manner, form," Dr. Green said. That 'we the adult Australopithecus afarensis Selam scapula compared with members, it was clear that the development is consistent with the pattern of monkeys with humans. "In a time when most researchers agree that A. afarensis hip bone, lower limbs, and feet and unequivocally humanlike features many custom is to walk straight." This important new search place that Lucy and Selam's species occupy confirmed in human evolution, "said Dr. Alemseged., he said, though still a human bipedal A. afarensis was born as a human being, although not completely, A. afarensis This clearly was on.

Rocket and Space Technology.

Welcome to Rocket and Space Technology.  This Web page can trace its roots to the author's project to write a computer program simulating the launch of a rocket to orbit.  As I performed my research it became apparent that most information on the subject tended toward one of two extremes:  it was either too simplistic to be very helpful, or it was advanced texts written for engineers.  I could find little information suitable for the space enthusiast who wanted to progress beyond the beginner level but who lacked the advanced math and science skills needed to understand the more complex texts.
After spending months digging through books and Internet sites I finally found the information needed to complete my project.  Not wanting others to go through the same frustrating search, I decided to organize all the information into a single resource.  Thus, in 1996 this Web page was created.
Most of the information from my original research can be found in the Basics of Space Flight section.  Through the years additional information and sections have been added, such as my debunking of the absurd moon landing hoax theory.   It is my hope this site continues to grow and improve.  Please enjoy your visit and learn a little about the fascinating science of space flight.

Robert A. Braeunig

Navigating This Site

This page is the launching pad to propel you on your visit through Rocket and Space Technology.  You can visit any page by clicking on the section titles in the Table of Contents to the right or by clicking on any of the highlighted links.  If you entered this site through the main index page will see a navigation bar across the bottom of this window.  This bar includes links to all the major sections of this Web site.  Alternatively, you can use the drop-down menu at the bottom of each page.  Clicking "Home", either on the navigation bar or at the bottom of a page, will return you to this home page.  If the navigation bar is not visible, try clicking Navigation Bar now to activate.

Basics of Space Flight

The Basics of Space Flight section is a tutorial designed to teach the basic science behind rocketry and space flight.  Part I, Rocket Propellants, compares the properties of the various fuels and oxidizers used in rocketry.  Part II, Rocket Propulsion, explains how rockets work and examines how engines convert chemical energy into thrust.  Part III, Orbital Mechanics, discusses how space vehicles move under the influence of forces such as gravity, thrust, and drag.
This section is not for those with an aversion to mathematics as we focus largely on problem solving.  Although some derivations use calculus, application of the derived formulae requires no more than an understanding of algebra and trigonometry.  Each section includes example problems to demonstrate the use of the formulae.
I have personally authored only a small part of the text contained in Basics of Space Flight.  The information was mostly assembled piecemeal from a variety of sources.  I hope you find the final product a useful and well-organized compilation.  All sources have been credited in my Bibliography page.

Space Hardware

The Space Hardware section describes many space vehicles and launchers.  Part I, Spacecraft Systems, defines the most common types of spacecraft and describes their primary subsystems.  Part II, Launcher & Spacecraft Specifications, provides detailed technical data and description of most manned spacecraft, space stations, selected launchers, and engines.  Part III, Space Launch Vehicles, is a list of the world's launch vehicles, both past and present (although currently not up to date).

Space Missions

The Space Missions section provides comprehensive lists of all major manned and robotic space flights.  Part I, Manned Space Flights, includes all piloted manned missions by all nations.  Part II, Planetary Spacecraft, includes most interplanetary space probes and landers.  Part III, Lunar Spacecraft, includes most unmanned probes and landers sent to the Moon.  These lists include not only the successful missions but the many failed attempts as well.
Satellites such as Sputnik and Explorer I, and observatories such as the Hubble Space Telescope, although historically and scientifically important, are not included because they do not fall into any of the three classifications described above.

World Space Centers

In this section we provide a description of the work performed at each of the World's Space Centers.  Included are both launch facilities and research & development centers.  Also provided are a list of the number of orbital launches by site, complete through 1995, and a map showing the location of each launch center.

Moon Landing Hoax

Since adding this section in 2001 it has grown to become this site's most frequently visited page.  I am happy about the page's popularity but I regret it is even necessary.  Did We Land On the Moon? examines point-by-point the conspiracy claims that NASA faked the Apollo moon landings of 1969-72.  I think you will agree the claims are nothing more than pseudoscience nonsense.

Miscellaneous

This site also includes a chronology of important Rocket & Space Milestones, a Glossary of many rocketry and space-related terms, a WWW Space Links page providing a list of recommended Web sites, and an Bibliography page where I give credit to all sources, both printed and Internet, used in the creation of this Web site.  Finally, there is a Memorial page in which I pay tribute to the brave astronauts and cosmonauts who gave their lives in the quest to explore space.

Discussion Forum

The Discussion Forum, provided courtesy of The Space Race, is a good place to talk about space science and technology.  You can ask questions and learn about rockets, space exploration, or any other related topic; or you can share your knowledge and help others.  If you wish to engage in a discussion about any of the items found in this Web site, I recommend you visit the forum.  Although I am happy to correspond via email, the forum will allow more people to contribute to the discussion.

Site Logo

This photograph is a view of the Gemini 7 spacecraft taken from the hatch window of Gemini 6 during rendezvous and station keeping maneuvers at an altitude of approximately 160 miles on December 15, 1965 (NASA Photo ID S65-63188).  exploreworld12.blogspot.comThis photo was chosen for this Web site's logo because of the historical and technological significance of the joint Gemini 6-7 mission (plus it's just a really cool photo).  This mission achieved the first rendezvous of two spacecraft.  It was a critical milestone that without which a landing on the moon would have been impossible.  This mission and the Gemini flights that followed taught Americans how to maneuver and work in space.

Major Updates

May-2012:  Added the page Interplanetary Flight and appendices Vector Mechanics and Planet Positions.
February-2012:  Revised the Orbital Mechanics section.  Added "The Hyperbolic Orbit" and added material to "Launch of a Space Vehicle."
August-2009:  Added design information about nozzle shapes and combustion chambers to the Rocket Propulsion section.
June-2007:  Reorganized and renumbered the Basics of Space Flight section.  Added new material to the Rocket Propulsion and Orbital Mechanics sections.
August-2006:  Added the page Rocket & Space Milestones.
October-2005:  Made additions to the Rocket Propulsion section.  Added Propellant Combustion Charts.  Updated Atlas and Delta launch vehicles.
January-2005:  Made extensive revisions and additions to the Orbital Mechanics section.  Converted all example problems to the SI System of units.
August-2004:  The entire Web site was given a major makeover.  The home page was redesigned, several pages were consolidated, and site navigation was improved.  Link to the discussion forum was added.